Cómo evitar abandonar el estatus de LPR

Angelica Rice • April 27, 2023

Click here to read this article in English

      Esperó meses, tal vez incluso años, y finalmente tiene su tarjeta verde y es un residente permanente legal de los Estados Unidos, ¡sí!.

     Ahora quiere visitar a su familia en el extranjero, llegó el COVID, y luego su madre se enfermó, y después de todo eso, solo necesitaba unas vacaciones relajantes en una playa de Portugal, y lo que se suponía que iba a ser un viaje de 2 semanas se convirtió en una estancia de 8 meses. ¿Está en peligro de que los oficiales de la patrulla fronteriza de los EE. UU. piensen que abandonó su estatus de residente permanente legal (LPR)? Si es así, ¿qué hacer?, ¿cómo puede pasar un período prolongado fuera de los Estados Unidos, sin abandonar su estatus? Continúe leyendo para averiguarlo.


     No hay un período de tiempo fijo que desencadena el abandono, pero se considera que los LPR buscan readmisión si han estado ausentes de los Estados Unidos por un período continuo de más de 180 días. § 101(a)(13)(C)(ii). Aunque un LPR que regresa de una visita de más de 180 días está sujeto a motivos de inadmisibilidad y puede ser cuestionado por el posible abandono de su residencia, esto generalmente sólo surge cuando el LPR se ha ido por más de un año.

     Cuando un LPR ha estado en el extranjero de forma continua durante más de un año, se presume que se ha producido el abandono. 8 CFR § 211.1(a)(2). Pero esto se puede solucionar si el LPR demuestra que él o ella ha mantenido suficientes vínculos con los Estados Unidos y que nunca tuvo la intención de abandonar la residencia. Si encuentra que ha estado fuera de los Estados Unidos por más de un (1) año, se recomienda que solicite un permiso de reingreso. Un permiso de reingreso establece que no tuvo la intención de abandonar el estatus y le permite solicitar la admisión a los Estados Unidos después de viajar al exterior por hasta 2 años sin tener que obtener una visa de residente que regresa. Los permisos de reingreso normalmente son válidos por 2 años a partir de la fecha de emisión. Para obtener un permiso de reingreso, presente el Formulario I-131, solicitud de documento de viaje. Si es posible, debe presentar esta solicitud con bastante anticipación a su viaje planificado. Además, no puede presentar un Formulario I-131 para obtener un permiso de reingreso a menos que esté físicamente presente en los Estados Unidos cuando presente dicho formulario. También debe tomar sus datos biométricos antes de salir de los Estados Unidos; la biometría no se puede hacer fuera del país. Sin embargo, si presenta el I-131 y completa sus datos biométricos, puede salir de los EE. UU. mientras el I-131 está pendiente y, si se aprueba, el documento de viaje se puede enviar a una embajada de los EE. UU. en el extranjero para que lo recoja en el país extranjero. No necesita un permiso de reingreso si estará fuera de los EE. UU. menos de 1 año.


    Si no tiene un permiso de reingreso para volver a ingresar a los Estados Unidos después de un período prolongado de ausencia, es posible que pueda argumentar que no abandonó su estatus y presentar evidencia para respaldar su argumento al oficial de patrulla fronteriza en el puerto de entrada de los EE.UU. La evidencia para respaldar que ha mantenido su estado durante su tiempo fuera incluye, entre otros, prueba de incapacidad médica; muerte de un miembro de la familia; pagos de hipoteca de una casa en los EE. UU.; empleo en una empresa estadounidense en el extranjero; una licencia de conducir emitida en el último año y que refleje la misma dirección que la registrada en el Formulario I-94, Registro de Entrada y Salida; el nombre y la dirección del empleador estadounidense y evidencia de que se ha pagado un salario dentro de un período de tiempo razonable; evidencia de matrícula de sus niños en una escuela estadounidense; evidencia de que la visita prolongada al extranjero fue causada por circunstancias imprevistas; evidencia de una fecha de terminación de viaje predeterminada, como la graduación o el vencimiento del contrato de trabajo; evidencia de haber presentado declaraciones de impuestos sobre la renta de EE. UU. en los últimos años; y evidencia de propiedad, ya sea real o personal, en los Estados Unidos. 9 FAM 42.22 N. 1.3.


      Si no está seguro de si ha abandonado su estado LPR o si desea asesoramiento sobre viajes prolongados fuera de los Estados Unidos, comuníquese hoy con uno de nuestros abogados de inmigración altamente experimentados en el área.

Este blog no pretende ser una asesoría legal y nada aquí debe interpretarse como el establecimiento de una relación abogado-cliente. Programe una consulta con un abogado de inmigración antes de actuar basado en cualquier información que aquí lea.

Navigating Family-Based Immigration: Common Pitfalls and How to Avoid Them

By Denice Flores • July 10, 2025
Family-based immigration remains one of the most common paths to lawful permanent residency in the United States. It offers a lifeline to families hoping to reunite across borders, but the process is far from simple. The outcome of the applications can be delayed as a result of potential missteps while preparing the applications. Here are some of the most common pitfalls and how to avoid them: Incomplete or Inaccurate Forms One frequent mistake is submitting incomplete or inaccurate information on the forms like the I-130 (Petition for Alien Relative) and the I-485 (Adjustment of Status). Even minor errors such as misspelled names, missing signatures, or incorrect dates—can result in Requests for Evidence. To avoid this misstep, double-check all entries, cross-reference documents, and consult with an attorney before submission. Remember, immigration forms are legal documents so accuracy matters. Insufficient Supporting Evidence Proving a genuine familial relationship is the basis of family-based petitions. For spousal cases, USCIS looks closely at evidence of a bona fide marriage. Little or no supporting documents and evidence may lead to Requests for Evidence and even skepticism from USCIS. To establish a bona fide marriage, include documentation to show shared finances and liabilities. Filing Under the Wrong Category or Preference There are different immigration paths depending on whether the petitioner is a U.S. citizen or lawful permanent resident, and whether the beneficiary is a spouse, child, sibling, or parent. Each category has different processing times and visa availability. It is critical that before applying, you understand which preference category applies to your case. Immediate relatives of U.S. citizens (spouses, parents, unmarried children under 21) generally receive faster processing and are not subject to annual visa caps. Not Disclosing Past Immigration or Criminal History Many applicants fail to account for past immigration violations such as visa overstays, unauthorized work, or prior removal orders. Similarly, if you fail to disclose past criminal history and these issues surface later in the process they can affect the outcome of the case. Disclose everything to your attorney, no matter how minor or old the issue seems. Prior violations don’t always mean denial but not disclosing them may lead to serious consequences. If you're considering filing a family-based petition, consult with an experienced immigration attorney at our office. Our office is committed to helping families navigate this complex process with clarity and confidence.

Understanding the Public Charge Rule: What Public Benefits May or May Not Impact Your Immigration Case

By Angelica Rice • July 3, 2025
When applying for a green card or seeking admission into the United States, one of the legal hurdles many applicants may face is the public charge ground of inadmissibility. This test evaluates whether someone is likely to become primarily dependent on the government for support. But what exactly does that mean—and what types of public benefits can trigger this issue? In this article, we’ll break down what “public charge” really means, who is affected, what types of public benefits are considered, and what immigrants should be mindful of when making decisions about public programs like Medi-Cal and Medicaid. What Is the Public Charge Ground of Inadmissibility? The public charge rule applies to individuals applying for a visa, green card (adjustment of status), or entry into the U.S., unless they fall into an exempt category. Under this rule, the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) must determine whether the applicant is likely to become primarily dependent on the government for subsistence. This typically refers to receiving: Public cash assistance for income maintenance (such as SSI or TANF), or Long-term institutional care at government expense. This determination is based on the "totality of circumstances," including age, health, financial resources, education, skills, and whether a sponsor has submitted a valid Affidavit of Support. Who Is Exempt from the Public Charge Rule? Many categories of immigrants are exempt from the public charge ground of inadmissibility. These include: Asylees and refugees Special immigrant juveniles Violence Against Women Act (VAWA) self-petitioners T and U visa applicants Temporary Protected Status (TPS) applicants Importantly, even if someone later adjusts status through a different pathway that is subject to public charge, any benefits they received while in an exempt category will not be held against them. What Public Benefits Are Not Considered in the Public Charge Test? It is a common and harmful myth that using any public benefit will jeopardize your immigration status. In fact, most non-cash benefits do not count against you in a public charge determination. According to USCIS and DHS guidance, the following types of assistance (current as of July 1, 2025) are not considered: Health-Related Benefits Medi-Cal/Medicaid, except for long-term institutional care Children’s Health Insurance Program (CHIP) Health insurance through the ACA Marketplace, including subsidies COVID-19 testing, vaccines, and treatment Community health services, crisis counseling, and short-term shelters Food and Nutrition SNAP (Food Stamps) WIC School meal programs Food banks and emergency food assistance Housing and Energy Emergency shelter Rental assistance (e.g., McKinney-Vento programs) Energy assistance (e.g., LIHEAP) Education and Childcare Public schooling Head Start Childcare subsidies (e.g., CCDF) Educational grants and scholarships Federal Cash and Tax Benefits Earned income tax credit (EITC) Child Tax Credit (CTC) Stimulus checks Unemployment insurance Social Security and veteran’s benefits Disaster and pandemic-related cash aid In short, just because a benefit is public or government-funded doesn’t automatically make it count against you. A Word of Caution About Medi-Cal and Medicaid, in Particular As of today (07/01/2025), standard use of Medi-Cal (California’s version of Medicaid) or Medicaid for most health-related services is not considered in a public charge determination. This includes preventative care, emergency services, pregnancy-related services, and short-term care. However, if Medicaid is used for long-term institutionalization, such as in a nursing home or psychiatric facility, that does count under the public charge test. Despite current guidance, we are seeing political shifts and changes in tone from the current administration that suggest public charge policies may become more restrictive in the future. This includes renewed interest in expanding the types of public benefits that may be considered, particularly around medical assistance. For that reason, we generally recommend that individuals who are applying for adjustment of status, or who may be subject to the public charge ground in the future, avoid enrolling in Medi-Cal or Medicaid at this time, unless absolutely necessary. Final Thoughts Immigration law is complex, and the rules surrounding public charge can feel confusing or even frightening. But it’s important to understand that using most public benefits—especially for food, education, and healthcare—will not automatically jeopardize your green card or visa application. Still, because policy can change quickly, we urge individuals to consult with an immigration attorney before applying for any public assistance—especially healthcare programs like Medi-Cal or Medicaid. If you have questions or concerns about how public benefits might impact your immigration case, our office is here to help. We are committed to providing up-to-date, personalized guidance to keep your immigration journey on track. Disclaimer The information provided herein is for general informational purposes only and does not constitute legal advice. Every immigration case is unique, and the application of the public charge rule may vary depending on your specific situation. If you believe this topic may apply to you or you need individualized legal guidance, we encourage you to contact one of our highly-qualified legal professionals for a consultation and assistance tailored to your circumstances. Resources: USCIS Public Charge Resources ILRC Medi-Cal and Public Charge Alert (2024) California Medi-Cal Immigrant Eligibility FAQ

EB-2 and EB-3 Green Cards: What Corporate Employees Should Understand

By Shirin Navabi • June 26, 2025
As an immigration law firm, we regularly assist highly skilled professionals working in the U.S. on temporary work visas such as H-1B who are seeking a path to permanent residency. For many of these individuals, the EB-2 and EB-3 employment-based green card categories are the most pursued—and frequently misunderstood—routes . While both are viable pathways to permanent residency, they differ in meaningful ways that can significantly impact the timing, eligibility, and overall strategy of your case. The EB-2 category is intended for individuals who either hold an advanced degree or demonstrate exceptional ability in their field . Most applicants qualify by having a master’s degree (or higher), or a bachelor’s degree accompanied by at least five years of progressive experience in their profession. There is also a subcategory within EB-2 known as the National Interest Waiver (NIW), which allows qualified individuals to self-petition without employer sponsorship if their work substantially benefits the United States. This route is especially relevant for researchers, entrepreneurs, and professionals in high national interest or mission-critical fields. In contrast, the EB-3 category includes professionals with a bachelor’s degree as well as skilled workers with at least two years of training or experience . While the educational threshold for EB-3 may appear less rigorous, the process itself is equally structured. One key distinction between EB-2 and EB-3 lies in the requirements of the job being offered, not just the applicant’s own credentials. For example, if a position requires only a bachelor’s degree, even a highly qualified candidate with a master’s degree may still fall under EB-3. Regardless of which category applies, most employment-based green card cases begin with the PERM labor certification process . This is a formal procedure overseen by the U.S. Department of Labor, in which the employer must test the labor market and demonstrate that there are no able, willing, qualified, and available U.S. workers for the position. The employer must also agree to pay the prevailing wage as determined by the Department of Labor. This step is both mandatory and highly detail-sensitive; inaccuracies in the job description, recruitment steps, or wage determination can lead to significant delays or even denials. Once PERM certification is approved, the employer files Form I-140 , the Immigrant Petition for Alien Worker. This petition confirms that the employee meets the requirements for the offered position under either EB-2 or EB-3, and that the employer is financially capable of providing the job as described. If the employee’s priority date—which is based on the date the PERM was filed—is current according to the Department of State’s Visa Bulletin, the individual may then file Form I-485 to adjust their status to lawful permanent resident. One of the more nuanced aspects of this process involves understanding how priority dates and visa backlogs affect the timeline. For applicants from countries with high demand, such as India or China, significant delays are common—particularly under EB-2. Paradoxically, there are times when the EB-3 category moves faster, prompting some applicants to file a second I-140 under EB-3 while retaining the original priority date. This strategy can be effective but requires careful legal planning to ensure it’s done correctly. Another strategic factor is portability. If your I-485 application has been pending for at least 180 days and your I-140 has been approved, you may be eligible to change employers under the AC21 portability provisions, so long as the new job is in the same or a similar occupational classification. This flexibility can be critical for employees who experience job changes or promotions during the often lengthy green card process. Ultimately, the choice between EB-2 and EB-3 isn’t about prestige —it’s about aligning your qualifications, the job requirements, and your immigration history with current legal standards and market conditions. The right strategy depends not only on your education and experience, but also on your long-term career goals and country of origin. At our firm, we work closely with both employers and employees to develop individualized immigration strategies that streamline the process and avoid unnecessary setbacks. Whether you're a corporate professional evaluating your green card options or an employer preparing to sponsor a key team member, we offer the insight and experience to move your case forward with confidence.
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