Petição para encerramento ou encerramento administrativo: qual a diferença?

Angelica Rice • Sep 22, 2022

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O sistema judiciário de imigração dos Estado Unidos está atualmente sobrecarregado com milhares de casos imigratórios que ainda precisam ser julgados. Para tentar lidar com esse volume de casos e processar os que estão atrasados, o Departamento de Segurança Interna dos Estados Unidos (DHS) e o sistema judiciário imigratório atenuaram suas regras nas petições de encerramento e no encerramento administrativo, fechando certos tipos de casos que não consideram ser casos relevantes para execução. E o quê isso significa? Qual a diferença entre a petição para encerramento e o encerramento administrativo? É algo que possa ser feito no seu caso? Continue lendo para descobrir.

Encerramento Administrativo

Encerramento administrativo é um instrumento para administração dos processos judiciais, usado para temporariamente pausar os procedimentos de deportação, estabelecido de acordo com o caso Matter of W-Y-U, 27, Lei de Imigração e Naturalização (I&N) Dez 17,18 (BIA 2017). Encerrando administrativamente um caso, temporariamente o remove do calendário processual do Juiz e o coloca “em espera” até o advogado do DHS ou do respondente fazer o pedido para ser colocado novamente no calendário processual. Para ter seu caso encerrado administrativamente, o DHS precisa concordar com o pedido.

Juízes de imigração podem encerrar casos administrativamente por várias razões, uma das mais comuns é por serem de prioridade baixa ou “um caso não relevante para execução” e o DHS não deseja julgar o caso naquele momento. Outro motivo comum para o encerramento administrativo, é quando o respondente tem outro tipo de processo pendente com a imigração (USCIS) e a decisão desse processo afetaria o caso que está sendo julgado pelo juiz. Por exemplo, uma pessoa que tenha a petição I-130 pendente com a USCIS, mas ao mesmo tempo está com um processo judicial imigratório contra ele, o juiz pode concordar em fazer o encerramento administrativo desse processo para aguardar a decisão da imigração na petição I-130. Dessa forma, nenhuma audiência será agendada no processo até o DHS ou advogado do respondente colocar o caso novamente no calendário processual. Se a petição I-130 for aprovada, o respondente pode pedir para seu caso voltar ao calendário processual e pedir para que seu processo judicial imigratório seja dispensado. Quando seu caso for encerrado administrativamente, em certas circunstâncias, você tem como aplicar para uma autorização de trabalho.

Extinção do processo

Se achar que seu caso não deveria estar no sistema judiciário de imigração, porque você já recebeu algum outro tipo de benefício imigratório ou porque o processo não foi feito de forma apropriada, ou mesmo por alguma outra razão, o respondente ou seu advogado pode fazer um pedido para que o caso seja extinto.

Extinção do processo judicial significa que você não tem mais um processo no sistema judiciário imigratório. De acordo com as regras do DHS e desse sistema judiciário(?), o DHS é encorajado a usar sua discrição para extinguir os processos que não são prioridade para execução. Não são prioridade se o requerido não for uma ameaça à segurança nacional, não tenha histórico criminal e tenha entrado nos Estados Unidos antes de novembro de 2020. Entretanto, se seu processo for extinto e você não tem outra forma de benefício imigratório ou não tem como aplicar para nenhum benefício com a USCIS, não terá como obter a autorização de trabalho e estará nos Estados Unidos sem status e sem nenhuma condição imigratória legal. Por esse motivo, os respondentes às vezes preferem não buscar a extinção do processo, continuando com o caso em andamento.

Determinar se uma dessas opções é a certa para você pode ser complicado. Você precisa consultar um advogado de imigração, que determine se o encerramento administrativo ou o encerramento da petição será o melhor para você.

Este blog não se destina a dar aconselhamento jurídico e nada aqui deve ser interpretado como estabelecimento de uma relação cliente-advogado. Por favor, agende uma consulta com um advogado de imigração, antes de agir baseado em qualquer informação lida neste blog.

Angelica Rice

Motion to Terminate or Admin Close: What’s the Difference?

By Angelica Rice • 11 Aug, 2022

The United States Immigration Court system is currently overwhelmed with hundreds of thousands of immigration cases that have yet to be adjudicated. In an effort to handle this volume of cases and clear out some of their backlogged cases, the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) and the Court, have relaxed their policies on terminating and administratively closing certain kinds of cases that they have deemed not to be enforcement priority cases. So, what does this mean? What is the difference between administratively closing a case or terminating a case? Is this something you want to pursue in your case? Keep reading to find out.

Can Undocumented Immigrants Obtain a Driver’s License in the U.S.?

By Angelica Rice • 20 May, 2022

Many undocumented immigrants, or immigrants without status, wonder if they are able to get a United States driver’s license. Some states allow for this, while many states still do not, so whether or not you are able to get a driver's license without evidence of status depends on where you live. See below a brief guide to obtaining a non-immigrant driver’s license in the United States.

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Know Your Rights If You Are Participating in Protests

By Denice Flores • 02 May, 2024

The U.S. Constitution protects all immigrants, including undocumented immigrants while participating in protests in the U.S. Here is a list of some of the rights covered in the U.S. constitution to consider when you are participating in protests: Right to free speech. The First Amendment prohibits the government from restricting your right to free speech. People have the right to participate in protests, marches, and demonstrations. Right to be free from retaliation. The First Amendment prohibits the government from retaliating against you for exercising your rights such as your right to free speech. Right to remain silent. The Fifth Amendment protects you from self-incrimination and provides the right to remain silent. Right against unreasonable search and seizure. The Fourth Amendment protects you against unreasonable searches and seizures. Right to speak to a lawyer. If you are arrested or detained, you have the right to speak to a lawyer. Keep in mind, if you are undocumented and you are participating in protests, you are at higher risk of being detained by immigration officials if they are present at the protest. If you are undocumented make sure you have a plan in place if you are arrested or detained by law enforcement or immigration officials. It is important to take precautions and if you are arrested or detained you should contact an attorney immediately. If you have questions, please schedule a consultation with one of our experienced attorneys and we will be more than happy to assist you.

New USCIS Policy regarding Expedite Requests

By Kris Quadros-Ragar • 18 Apr, 2024

The latest policy alert, PA-2024-05, issued by the U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) on March 21, 2024, brings revisions to the USCIS Policy Manual, specifically focusing on expediting requests. These updates aim to simplify and elucidate the process for applicants, particularly those facing emergencies or urgent humanitarian needs. The primary goal is to make it easier for applicants to understand how to request expedited processing for their various submissions, including applications, petitions, appeals, or motions, especially in cases concerning government interests or urgent situations. While USCIS has historically permitted immigration benefit seekers to request expedited application processing in specific circumstances, the process has frequently been perceived as unclear, with decisions made arbitrarily on a case-by-case basis. The recent update seeks to rectify this by providing clarity and uniformity to the process and establishing explicit criteria and documentation standards. In order to request expedited processing, applicants need to adhere to a more defined procedure. This involves submitting thorough documentation and illustrating the urgency or government relevance of their case. The recent update also explains how USCIS reviews these requests, offering applicants a better grasp of the process. The update introduces special measures for speeding up the processing of Form I-131 (Application for Travel Document) in emergency situations. This acknowledges the urgent need for certain applicants to travel. The policy also acknowledges that expedited requests may be evaluated if there is evident USCIS error, aiming to uphold fairness and accountability within the processing system. These changes aim to make the expedited request process more transparent and understandable for applicants and their representatives. In summary, USCIS's revision regarding expedited requests signifies a notable advancement in rendering the immigration process more transparent and attentive to applicants' requirements. By comprehending these updated guidelines, applicants and their representatives can more effectively navigate the expedited request procedure, ensuring that urgent cases receive due consideration. If you believe you qualify for expedited processing under the recent USCIS policy updates, feel free to contact our office, and we will be more than happy to assist you. FONT : https://www.uscis.gov/policy-manual/volume-1-part-a-chapter-5

New USCIS Asylum Program Fee for I-129 and I-140 Petitions

By Kyle Huffman • 11 Apr, 2024

As of April 1, 2024, USCIS has instituted an inflation adjustment to immigration application filing fees . These fee increases apply to a majority of the different application types, including family-based, non-immigrant, and immigrant petitions. As a part of these fee increases, USCIS has also instituted a new program designed to provide funding to the United States’ Asylum Program, in order to better address the massive backlog of pending asylum claims currently waiting to be adjudicated. Unfortunately, these changes have led to confusion among petitioners for when they are required to pay the Asylum Program Fee, and when they may qualify for a 50% or complete exemption from the fee. The Asylum Program Fee is required to be submitted by employers in all I-129 and I-140 petitions filed on or after April 1, 2024. The Asylum Program Fee is $600, however, certain exemptions apply . Small employers , defined as having 25 or fewer total employees, qualify for a reduction of the Asylum Program Fee, but are still required to submit a reduced fee of $300. Individual petitioners, or self-petitions, such as in the case of an EB-2 National Interest Waiver, are considered small employers for the purpose of the Asylum Program Fee and are also required to submit the reduced $300 fee. Non-profit organizations are exempted from the Asylum Program fee and are not required to submit any additional funds with the ordinary I-129 or I-140 filing fee. In addition, non-profits qualify for a 50% reduction of the ordinary filing fee in certain types of applications, bringing the overall filing fee burden down substantially for non-profit organizations. With these changes to USCIS’ filing fee schedule, USCIS is hoping for significant improvements to efficiency and processing for pending asylum applicants. If you or your petitioning organization need any assistance in preparing an application for an immigration benefit, including ensuring proper compliance with the new fee requirements, our office is ready and waiting to help!