L’ICE émet des avertissements OPT aux étudiants F-1 pour emploi non déclaré
Kris Quadros-Ragar • May 29, 2025
Click here to read this article in English
Dans le cadre d'une nouvelle vague de mesures coercitives, l'agence américaine de contrôle de l'immigration et des douanes (ICE) a commencé à envoyer des alertes officielles à certains étudiants titulaires d'un visa F-1 participant à un stage pratique optionnel (OPT), signalant que leurs dossiers indiquaient plus de 90 jours sans emploi déclaré. Ces étudiants ont été invités à mettre à jour leur statut professionnel dans le système d'information sur les étudiants et les visiteurs étrangers (SEVIS) dans un délai de 15 jours.
Le fait de ne pas prendre de mesures correctives en temps opportun peut entraîner la résiliation du dossier SEVIS de l'étudiant, le marquant ainsi comme étant en situation irrégulière, et peut finalement déclencher une procédure d'expulsion. Ces avis ont pour but d'avertir les étudiants qui ne se conforment pas à leurs obligations de déclaration OPT qu'ils s'exposent à de graves conséquences en matière d'immigration.
Comprendre l'OPT et ses limites en matière de chômage
Le stage pratique optionnel (communément appelé « OPT ») est un avantage en matière d'autorisation de travail qui permet aux étudiants internationaux F-1 éligibles d'acquérir une expérience pratique dans leur domaine d'études. Les étudiants peuvent demander un OPT avant la fin de leurs études (alors qu'ils sont encore à l'université) ou après la fin de leurs études (après l'obtention de leur diplôme), généralement pour une durée maximale de 12 mois.
Les titulaires d'un diplôme dans un domaine STEM éligible peuvent demander une prolongation supplémentaire de 24 mois de l'OPT STEM, ce qui leur donne un total de 36 mois d'autorisation de travail aux États-Unis.
Pour conserver leur statut F-1 pendant l'OPT, les étudiants doivent rester activement employés dans un poste lié à leur domaine d'études. La durée pendant laquelle un étudiant peut rester aux États-Unis pendant l'OPT sans être employé de manière appropriée est limitée à :
- 90 jours pendant la période standard de 12 mois suivant l'obtention du diplôme dans le cadre du programme OPT, et
- 150 jours pour les personnes bénéficiant d'une prolongation du programme OPT dans le domaine des STEM, ce qui inclut tous les jours de chômage accumulés pendant la période initiale du programme OPT.
Ces limites de chômage sont cumulatives et strictement appliquées grâce au système de surveillance SEVIS.
Que doivent faire les étudiants F-1 ?
Si vous êtes un étudiant F-1 en OPT ou STEM OPT et que vous recevez un avertissement ou que vous n'êtes pas sûr de votre statut de conformité, agissez rapidement :
- Contactez immédiatement votre responsable désigné (DSO) afin qu'il examine et, si nécessaire, mette à jour votre dossier SEVIS.
- Assurez-vous que tous vos emplois sont correctement documentés et déclarés par le bureau international de votre établissement.
- N'ignorez pas les avertissements, car le fait de ne pas y répondre peut entraîner la résiliation de votre statut SEVIS et éventuellement le lancement d'une procédure d'expulsion.
Il est également conseillé de consulter un avocat spécialisé en immigration afin d'étudier les options disponibles et de comprendre comment les mesures d'application de la loi peuvent affecter votre statut ou vos projets d'immigration futurs.
Si vous avez reçu un avis ou si vous avez des questions concernant votre statut F-1, nos avocats sont là pour vous aider à prendre les mesures appropriées afin de protéger votre avenir aux États-Unis. Contactez-nous dès aujourd'hui pour prendre rendez-vous.
Ce blog n'est pas destiné à fournir des conseils juridiques et rien ici ne doit être interprété comme établissant une relation avocat-client. Veuillez prendre rendez-vous avec un avocat spécialisé en droit de l'immigration avant d'agir sur la base de toute information lue ici.

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