ICE emite advertencias OPT a F-1 por empleo no declarado
Kris Quadros-Ragar • May 29, 2025
Click here to read this article in English
En una renovada ola de aplicación de la ley, el Servicio de Inmigración y Control de Aduanas de Estados Unidos (ICE por sus siglas en inglés) ha comenzado a enviar alertas formales a determinados estudiantes F-1 que participan en la Formación Práctica Opcional (OPT por sus siglas en inglés), señalando que sus registros reflejan más de 90 días sin ningún empleo declarado. Se ha aconsejado a estos estudiantes que actualicen su situación laboral en el Sistema de Información de Estudiantes y Visitantes de Intercambio (SEVIS por sus siglas en inglés) en un plazo de 15 días.
Si no se toman las medidas correctivas oportunas, se puede cancelar el registro SEVIS del estudiante, marcándolo como estudiante sin estatus y, en última instancia, puede desencadenar un procedimiento de expulsión. Los avisos pretenden ser una advertencia de que los estudiantes que no cumplan con las obligaciones de presentación de informes OPT corren el riesgo de sufrir graves consecuencias de inmigración.
Comprender la Formación Práctica Opcional (OPT) y sus límites de desempleo
La Formación Práctica Opcional (comúnmente conocido como «OPT») es un beneficio de autorización de trabajo que permite a los estudiantes internacionales F-1 elegibles adquirir experiencia práctica en su campo de estudio. Los estudiantes pueden solicitar el OPT previa a la finalización (mientras aún están estudiando) o el OPT posterior a la finalización (después de graduarse), normalmente por un máximo de 12 meses.
Aquellos con títulos en campos STEM cualificados pueden solicitar una extensión adicional de 24 meses de STEM OPT, lo que les da un total de 36 meses de autorización de trabajo en Estados Unidos.
Para mantener la validez del estatus F-1 durante el OPT, los estudiantes deben permanecer empleados activamente en un puesto relacionado con su campo de estudio. La cantidad de tiempo que un estudiante puede permanecer en los Estados Unidos mientras está en OPT sin estar debidamente empleado tiene un límite:
- 90 días durante los 12 meses estándar posteriores a la finalización del OPT, y
- 150 días para aquellos en la extensión STEM OPT, que incluye cualquier día de desempleo acumulado durante el período OPT inicial.
Estos límites de desempleo son acumulativos y se aplican estrictamente a través del control del SEVIS.
¿Qué deben hacer los estudiantes F-1?
Si usted es un estudiante F-1 en OPT o STEM OPT y recibe una advertencia o no está seguro de su estado de cumplimiento, actúe rápidamente:
- Póngase en contacto inmediatamente con su Oficial Escolar Designado (DSO por sus siglas en inglés) para revisar y, si es necesario, actualizar su registro SEVIS.
- Asegúrese de que todo empleo esté debidamente documentado y comunicado a través de la oficina internacional de su centro de estudios.
- No ignore los avisos de advertencia, ya que la falta de respuesta puede dar lugar a la cancelación del SEVIS y, potencialmente, al inicio de un procedimiento de expulsión.
También es aconsejable consultar con un abogado de inmigración cualificado para explorar las opciones disponibles y comprender cómo las medidas de ejecución pueden afectar a su situación o a sus planes de inmigración futuros.
Si usted recibió una notificación o tiene preguntas sobre su estatus F-1, nuestros abogados están aquí para ayudarle a tomar los pasos correctos para proteger su futuro en los Estados Unidos. Contáctenos hoy para programar una consulta.
Este blog no pretende ser una asesoría legal y nada aquí debe interpretarse como el establecimiento de una relación abogado-cliente. Programe una consulta con un abogado de inmigración antes de actuar sobre cualquier información que aquí lea

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