Visto B1/B2 – Visto de Turista
Santos Lloyd Law Team • April 21, 2023
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Você provavelmente já ouviu falar, viu ou teve um visto B1/B2. Mas você sabe o que significa B1 e B2? Para os iniciantes, B1 é para visitantes temporários a negócios e B2 é para visitantes temporários a lazer. Ok, então B1 é para fins empresariais e B2 é para aproveitar os Estados Unidos enquanto gasta dinheiro lá.
Mas o que significa propósitos empresariais aqui?
A principal pergunta que pode vir à sua mente é: "Posso ser pago por fazer algo que agregue valor a um negócio?"
Essa resposta é a minha favorita, prepare-se.
Depende!
O que você quer perguntar aqui é de onde vem o dinheiro. Se o pagamento vier de uma fonte dos EUA, então isso provavelmente significa que você está trabalhando sem autorização, violando o status B1/B2. Este tipo de visto não permite que você entre no mercado de trabalho americano.
No entanto, um visto B1/B2 permite que você realize serviços nos Estados Unidos para seu empregador estrangeiro. Por exemplo, você pode vir com um B1/B2 para realizar serviços de reparo em uma máquina que seu empregador estrangeiro vendeu para uma empresa americana. Quando o acordo foi feito, provavelmente havia uma cláusula autorizando o comprador a obter os reparos necessários do vendedor caso algo não estivesse funcionando como deveria. Bem, provavelmente alguém precisará vir para os Estados Unidos e colocar a mão na massa. Nesse caso, você pode vir realizar o serviço e, se desejar, ficar para passear e fazer compras. Aqui, o detentor de B1/B2 é empregado e pago por uma empresa estrangeira e está vindo para os Estados Unidos para promover o relacionamento empresarial entre a empresa americana e o empregador, portanto, não há problema.
Outras atividades permitidas para este visto são transações comerciais que não envolvem o pagamento de uma empresa dos EUA, como comparecer a reuniões, receber pedidos e vender. Neste caso, vender significa que você está vendendo em nome da empresa estrangeira, que receberá o pagamento pelo produto ou serviço. O pagamento final será por seu empregador estrangeiro fora dos Estados Unidos.
E as atividades voluntárias? Eu não estou sendo pago, então tudo bem, certo? Na verdade, não. A definição mais segura de trabalho voluntário é o trabalho feito sem a expectativa de receber quaisquer benefícios, feito em nome de uma organização sem fins lucrativos. Qualquer coisa diferente disso é arriscado, pois você pode estar obtendo benefícios não financeiros por seu trabalho voluntário, e seu "empregador voluntário" provavelmente estará lucrando com sua admirável disposição de trabalhar com a expectativa de retorno.
Por fim, atletas podem vir aos Estados Unidos para competir sob um B1/B2 e podem receber um prêmio em dinheiro, mas podem não ser "pagos para competir". E os artistas não podem usar esse tipo de visto para se apresentar nos Estados Unidos, a menos que participem de programas culturais patrocinados pelo governo do país de origem. Fora isso, os artistas precisam de um visto apropriado, como, em muitos casos, um visto O. Falaremos mais sobre isso.
Este blog não se destina a ser um aconselhamento jurídico e nada aqui deve ser interpretado como estabelecimento de uma relação cliente-advogado. Por favor, agende uma consulta com um advogado de imigração, antes de agir baseado em qualquer informação lida neste blog.

The United States has long been a destination for the world’s most talented athletes—not only to compete at the highest level, but to access world-class training, coaching opportunities, and long-term career prospects. Whether on the field, in the ring, or across the chessboard, athletes from across the globe are finding immigration pathways that allow them to pursue their athletic and professional goals in the U.S. U.S. immigration law offers several visa and green card options designed specifically for individuals with extraordinary athletic talent. These include the P-1A visa for internationally recognized athletes, the O-1A visa for individuals of extraordinary ability, and the EB-1A immigrant petition, which can lead to permanent residency and ultimately, U.S. citizenship. The P-1A visa is commonly used by professional athletes coming to the U.S. to compete in a specific event or season. This applies not only to individual athletes but also to members of teams or clubs recognized internationally. It is widely used by soccer players, basketball players, MMA fighters, Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu competitors, and even elite chess players. Athletes must demonstrate a high level of international recognition and a record of performance in their sport. The O-1A visa is a strong option for coaches who demonstrate extraordinary ability, typically evidenced by championship titles, sustained winning records, or recognition as integral to their team’s success. To qualify, a coach must establish that their expertise places them among the small percentage of top professionals in their field. For athletes seeking permanent status in the U.S., the EB-1A immigrant petition —often referred to as the “extraordinary ability green card”—provides a direct path to lawful permanent residency. It requires clear documentation that the individual is among the very best in their sport and has achieved sustained national or international success. Unlike other green card categories, the EB-1A does not require employer sponsorship and can be self-petitioned. This has become a common path for MMA world champions, BJJ black belt medalists, Olympic athletes, and chess grandmasters—many of whom now represent the U.S. at the highest levels of international competition. It’s important to note that U.S. immigration law defines “athlete” broadly. Whether you are a professional football player in Europe, a sprinter from the Caribbean, a judoka, a gymnast, or a grandmaster in chess, your achievements may qualify under these categories if they are properly documented and presented. The key is a consistent record of excellence and recognition in your sport on a national or international scale. Our office specializes in these types of immigration matters. Whether you are an individual athlete looking to relocate or an organization seeking to bring international talent to your roster, we offer tailored legal strategies to support your goals. If you are exploring options to compete, train, or build your future in the U.S., we’re here to help you take the next step.

In January 2025, the U.S. Congress passed the Laken Riley Act , marking a significant shift in immigration enforcement policy. The Act requires the Department of Homeland Security to detain certain non-U.S. nationals who have been arrested for theft-related offenses such as burglary, theft, larceny, or shoplifting. Under this Act, the Department of Homeland Security must detain an individual who: (1) is unlawfully present in the United States or did not possess the necessary documents when applying for admission; and (2) has been charged with, arrested for, convicted of, or admits to having committed acts that constitute the essential elements of burglary, theft, larceny, or shoplifting. The Act also authorizes states to sue the federal government for decisions or alleged failures related to immigration enforcement. It authorizes state governments to sue for injunctive relief over certain immigration-related decisions or alleged failures by the federal government if the decision or failure caused the state or its residents harm, including financial harm of more than $100. Specifically, the state government may sue the federal government over a: Decision to release a non-U.S. national from custody; Failure to fulfill requirements relating to inspecting individuals seeking admission into the United States, including requirements related to asylum interviews; Failure to fulfill a requirement to stop issuing visas to nationals of a country that unreasonably denies or delays acceptance of nationals of that country; Violation of limitations on immigration parole, such as the requirement that parole be granted only on a case-by-case basis; or Failure to detain an individual who has been ordered removed from the United States. The Act's stringent detention requirements may lead to increased fear and uncertainty within immigrant communities. Individuals who are merely accused of certain crimes could face mandatory detention. The Act may also affect legal immigration processes. Increased detention and deportation efforts could strain resources, potentially leading to delays in processing visas and asylum applications. Given the evolving legal landscape: Stay Informed and/or Seek Legal Counsel - Consult with your immigration attorney to understand how new laws and policies may affect your situation and if you or someone you know is facing immigration-related legal issues. Know Your Rights - Familiarize yourself with your legal rights, especially concerning interactions with law enforcement and immigration authorities. Community Engagement - Participate in community organizations that provide support and resources for immigrants, fostering a network of assistance and advocacy. If you have any questions or would like to consult with an experienced immigration attorney, contact our office to schedule a consultation.

In a renewed wave of enforcement, U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) has started sending formal alerts to certain F-1 students participating in Optional Practical Training (OPT), flagging that their records reflect over 90 days without any reported employment. These students have been advised to update their employment status in the Student and Exchange Visitor Information System (SEVIS) within 15 days. Failure to take timely corrective action may lead to the termination of the student's SEVIS record, effectively marking them as out of status, and may ultimately trigger removal proceedings. The notices are intended as a warning that students who do not comply with OPT reporting obligations are at risk of serious immigration consequences. Understanding OPT and Its Unemployment Limits Optional Practical Training (commonly referred to as “OPT”) is a work authorization benefit that allows eligible F-1 international students to gain hands-on experience in their field of study. Students may apply for pre-completion OPT (while still in school) or post-completion OPT (after graduation), typically for up to 12 months. Those with degrees in qualifying STEM fields may apply for an additional 24-month STEM OPT extension, giving them a total of 36 months of work authorization in the U.S. To maintain valid F-1 status while on OPT, students must remain actively employed in a position related to their field of study. The amount of time a student may remain in the United States while on OPT without being properly employed is capped at: 90 days during the standard 12-month post-completion OPT, and 150 days for those on the STEM OPT extension, which includes any days of unemployment accrued during the initial OPT period. These unemployment limits are cumulative and enforced strictly through SEVIS monitoring. What Should F-1 Students Do? If you are an F-1 student on OPT or STEM OPT and receive a warning or are unsure about your compliance status, act quickly: Contact your Designated School Official (DSO) immediately to review and, if necessary, update your SEVIS record. Ensure all employment is properly documented and reported through your school’s international office. Do not ignore warning notices, as failure to respond may lead to SEVIS termination and potentially the initiation of removal proceedings. It is also advisable to consult with a qualified immigration attorney to explore available options and understand how enforcement actions may affect your status or future immigration plans. If you received a notice or have questions about your F-1 status, our attorneys are here to help you take the right steps to protect your future in the United States. Contact us today to schedule a consultation.