El visado E-2: Una gran oportunidad de inversión en tiempos de cambio político
Shirin Navabi • February 13, 2025
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El visado E-2 es un visado de no inmigrante que permite a los inversores extranjeros de países con tratado, vivir y trabajar en Estados Unidos creando o comprando un negocio. A diferencia de otras categorías de visado, no exige una cantidad mínima fija de inversión. En su lugar, los solicitantes deben demostrar que su inversión es sustancial y suficiente para garantizar el éxito de su negocio. El visado es renovable indefinidamente mientras el negocio siga activo y cumpla los criterios necesarios, lo que lo convierte en una opción atractiva para los empresarios que buscan oportunidades a largo plazo en Estados Unidos.
Una de sus principales ventajas es la flexibilidad. Los inversores pueden establecer un nuevo negocio, adquirir uno ya existente o entrar en oportunidades de franquicia. Además, los cónyuges e hijos menores de 21 años pueden acompañar al solicitante principal, y los cónyuges pueden solicitar autorización de trabajo. Esto convierte al visado E-2 en una opción práctica para las personas con mentalidad empresarial que deseen establecerse en el mercado estadounidense.
Aunque el visado E-2 en sí se ha mantenido como una opción estable, los cambios en las políticas de inmigración de Estados Unidos han influido en el proceso de solicitud y en la experiencia general del inversor. Entender estos cambios es esencial para cualquiera que esté considerando esta vía.
Cambios políticos y el visado E-2: Lecciones del pasado
Durante la primera administración Trump (2017-2021), las políticas de inmigración de Estados Unidos se volvieron más restrictivas en múltiples categorías de visados. Aunque el programa E-2 no se vio directamente limitado, se produjeron cambios más amplios. La Orden Ejecutiva «Buy American, Hire American» (compra en América, contrata en América), firmada en 2017, condujo a un mayor escrutinio de las solicitudes de visado, exigiendo a los inversores que proporcionaran pruebas más sólidas de que su negocio crearía empleos y contribuiría a la economía estadounidense. Esto dió lugar a un aumento de las Solicitudes de Evidencia/Pruebas (RFE por sus siglas en inglés) y denegaciones para aquellos que no podían cumplir con estas expectativas.
Otro cambio significativo fue la suspensión del Programa de Exención de Entrevistas, que obligaba a todos los solicitantes del E-2, incluidas las renovaciones, a asistir a entrevistas en persona en las embajadas estadounidenses. Esto alargó los plazos de tramitación y aumentó el escrutinio de las solicitudes. Además, se revisaron y ajustaron los acuerdos de reciprocidad de visados, lo que repercutió en los períodos de validez y los costes para determinados países. Por ejemplo, se consideró que los ciudadanos iraníes no podían optar al visado E-2 debido a la terminación del tratado. Estos ajustes afectaron significativamente a los inversores de las naciones afectadas, aumentando sus costes y la frecuencia de renovación.
A pesar de estos cambios políticos, la tasa de aprobación de visados E-2 se mantuvo relativamente estable. Según datos del Departamento de Estado de Estados Unidos, hubo más de 43.000 aprobaciones en 2019, lo que refleja la continua viabilidad del programa. Incluso en 2020, cuando la pandemia de COVID-19 causó interrupciones globales, las cifras de aprobación siguieron siendo significativas. Estas cifras ponen de relieve que, aunque el proceso se hizo más riguroso, los inversores bien preparados siguieron obteniendo visados al demostrar planes de negocio sólidos, inversiones sustanciales y contribuciones económicas claras.
Qué esperar en el futuro
A medida que la nueva administración Trump va tomando forma, es probable que se produzcan nuevos cambios en la política de inmigración. Aunque es demasiado pronto para predecir el impacto exacto sobre el visado E-2, las tendencias pasadas sugieren un mayor escrutinio. Sin embargo, el programa en sí se ha mantenido intacto a través de múltiples administraciones, lo que refuerza su fiabilidad para los empresarios extranjeros.
Quienes estén considerando la posibilidad de obtener este visado deben mantenerse informados y asegurarse de que sus solicitudes cumplen los requisitos cambiantes. Una estrategia de inversión bien preparada, una documentación clara y un plan de creación de empleo definido pueden marcar una diferencia significativa a la hora de sortear cualquier posible cambio de política.
Por qué el visado E-2 sigue siendo una buena opción
El visado E-2 sigue siendo una opción resistente y valiosa para los empresarios extranjeros. Incluso durante los períodos de cambio de política, las tasas de aprobación se han mantenido fuertes para los inversores con solicitudes bien estructuradas. La posibilidad de renovarlo indefinidamente, combinada con su flexibilidad en cuanto al tamaño de la inversión y el tipo de negocio, lo convierten en una de las vías más atractivas para los inversores internacionales.
Con la preparación adecuada, los inversores pueden solicitar con confianza el visado E-2, sabiendo que la historia ha demostrado su estabilidad incluso en un entorno político cambiante. Adelantándose a los cambios políticos y garantizando una estrategia empresarial sólida, los empresarios pueden aprovechar las oportunidades que ofrece el mercado estadounidense.
Si usted está listo para dar el siguiente paso hacia el lanzamiento de su negocio en los Estados Unidos, puede ponerse en contacto con nuestra oficina para obtener orientación de expertos y asistencia personalizada con su solicitud.
Este blog no pretende ser una asesoría legal y nada aquí debe interpretarse como el establecimiento de una relación abogado-cliente. Programe una consulta con un abogado de inmigración antes de actuar sobre cualquier información que aquí lea.
For individuals applying under the O-1A or EB-1A categories , both reserved for professionals with extraordinary ability, letters of recommendation are a critical part of the petition. These expert testimonial letters offer valuable insight into your accomplishments, reputation, and influence within your field. When written properly, they help demonstrate that you truly stand out as someone who has risen to the very top of your profession. Many petitions submitted by highly accomplished individuals fall short because the recommendation letters are vague, overly personal, or fail to clearly explain why the applicant meets the legal standard of extraordinary ability. That is why taking the time to prepare your recommenders effectively is not just helpful. It is essential to build a strong and persuasive case. First, it is important to help your recommenders understand the purpose of the letter . This is not a casual reference or character recommendation. It is a formal declaration to U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services that you possess extraordinary ability in your area of expertise. The letter must describe your achievements in concrete terms and explain why your work has had a significant impact and recognition within your field. Many professionals, no matter how accomplished, are unfamiliar with the specific requirements of the O-1A and EB-1A categories. It is helpful to provide them with a short explanation of what is needed, and in some cases, a sample or outline to guide them. Selecting the right recommenders is just as critical as the content of the letters themselves. While USCIS gives greater weight to letters from independent experts, independence should not be confused with distance. The ideal recommender is someone who knows your work well and can provide specific and credible insight into your contributions, impact, and reputation in the field. A letter from someone who barely knows you, or one that focuses more on the recommender’s own accomplishments than yours, is unlikely to carry much weight with USCIS. A common mistake is submitting letters that read more like summaries of the recommender’s resume than a meaningful evaluation of your achievements. While a brief introduction of the recommender’s qualifications is important to establish credibility, the focus must remain squarely on you , your work, your innovation, and the ways in which your impact is considered extraordinary. The strongest letters go beyond general praise. They include clear and detailed examples of how your contributions have influenced others in your field or led to measurable outcomes. To make the letter as accurate and persuasive as possible, you should provide your recommenders with a summary of your most important professional milestones. This might include major awards, media coverage, patents, publications, notable leadership roles, or metrics showing the commercial or scientific success of your work. Well-prepared recommendation letters serve as both evidence and narrative. They help fulfill specific legal requirements and also tell the story of how and why your work has earned you distinction. In a category defined by terms like extraordinary ability, it is important that every part of your petition reinforces that standard. At Santos Lloyd Law Firm, we work closely with our clients and their recommenders to develop strong and compelling testimonial letters that meet USCIS expectations and highlight each applicant’s unique contributions.
Family-based immigration remains one of the most common paths to lawful permanent residency in the United States. It offers a lifeline to families hoping to reunite across borders, but the process is far from simple. The outcome of the applications can be delayed as a result of potential missteps while preparing the applications. Here are some of the most common pitfalls and how to avoid them: Incomplete or Inaccurate Forms One frequent mistake is submitting incomplete or inaccurate information on the forms like the I-130 (Petition for Alien Relative) and the I-485 (Adjustment of Status). Even minor errors such as misspelled names, missing signatures, or incorrect dates—can result in Requests for Evidence. To avoid this misstep, double-check all entries, cross-reference documents, and consult with an attorney before submission. Remember, immigration forms are legal documents so accuracy matters. Insufficient Supporting Evidence Proving a genuine familial relationship is the basis of family-based petitions. For spousal cases, USCIS looks closely at evidence of a bona fide marriage. Little or no supporting documents and evidence may lead to Requests for Evidence and even skepticism from USCIS. To establish a bona fide marriage, include documentation to show shared finances and liabilities. Filing Under the Wrong Category or Preference There are different immigration paths depending on whether the petitioner is a U.S. citizen or lawful permanent resident, and whether the beneficiary is a spouse, child, sibling, or parent. Each category has different processing times and visa availability. It is critical that before applying, you understand which preference category applies to your case. Immediate relatives of U.S. citizens (spouses, parents, unmarried children under 21) generally receive faster processing and are not subject to annual visa caps. Not Disclosing Past Immigration or Criminal History Many applicants fail to account for past immigration violations such as visa overstays, unauthorized work, or prior removal orders. Similarly, if you fail to disclose past criminal history and these issues surface later in the process they can affect the outcome of the case. Disclose everything to your attorney, no matter how minor or old the issue seems. Prior violations don’t always mean denial but not disclosing them may lead to serious consequences. If you're considering filing a family-based petition, consult with an experienced immigration attorney at our office. Our office is committed to helping families navigate this complex process with clarity and confidence.
When applying for a green card or seeking admission into the United States, one of the legal hurdles many applicants may face is the public charge ground of inadmissibility. This test evaluates whether someone is likely to become primarily dependent on the government for support. But what exactly does that mean—and what types of public benefits can trigger this issue? In this article, we’ll break down what “public charge” really means, who is affected, what types of public benefits are considered, and what immigrants should be mindful of when making decisions about public programs like Medi-Cal and Medicaid. What Is the Public Charge Ground of Inadmissibility? The public charge rule applies to individuals applying for a visa, green card (adjustment of status), or entry into the U.S., unless they fall into an exempt category. Under this rule, the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) must determine whether the applicant is likely to become primarily dependent on the government for subsistence. This typically refers to receiving: Public cash assistance for income maintenance (such as SSI or TANF), or Long-term institutional care at government expense. This determination is based on the "totality of circumstances," including age, health, financial resources, education, skills, and whether a sponsor has submitted a valid Affidavit of Support. Who Is Exempt from the Public Charge Rule? Many categories of immigrants are exempt from the public charge ground of inadmissibility. These include: Asylees and refugees Special immigrant juveniles Violence Against Women Act (VAWA) self-petitioners T and U visa applicants Temporary Protected Status (TPS) applicants Importantly, even if someone later adjusts status through a different pathway that is subject to public charge, any benefits they received while in an exempt category will not be held against them. What Public Benefits Are Not Considered in the Public Charge Test? It is a common and harmful myth that using any public benefit will jeopardize your immigration status. In fact, most non-cash benefits do not count against you in a public charge determination. According to USCIS and DHS guidance, the following types of assistance (current as of July 1, 2025) are not considered: Health-Related Benefits Medi-Cal/Medicaid, except for long-term institutional care Children’s Health Insurance Program (CHIP) Health insurance through the ACA Marketplace, including subsidies COVID-19 testing, vaccines, and treatment Community health services, crisis counseling, and short-term shelters Food and Nutrition SNAP (Food Stamps) WIC School meal programs Food banks and emergency food assistance Housing and Energy Emergency shelter Rental assistance (e.g., McKinney-Vento programs) Energy assistance (e.g., LIHEAP) Education and Childcare Public schooling Head Start Childcare subsidies (e.g., CCDF) Educational grants and scholarships Federal Cash and Tax Benefits Earned income tax credit (EITC) Child Tax Credit (CTC) Stimulus checks Unemployment insurance Social Security and veteran’s benefits Disaster and pandemic-related cash aid In short, just because a benefit is public or government-funded doesn’t automatically make it count against you. A Word of Caution About Medi-Cal and Medicaid, in Particular As of today (07/01/2025), standard use of Medi-Cal (California’s version of Medicaid) or Medicaid for most health-related services is not considered in a public charge determination. This includes preventative care, emergency services, pregnancy-related services, and short-term care. However, if Medicaid is used for long-term institutionalization, such as in a nursing home or psychiatric facility, that does count under the public charge test. Despite current guidance, we are seeing political shifts and changes in tone from the current administration that suggest public charge policies may become more restrictive in the future. This includes renewed interest in expanding the types of public benefits that may be considered, particularly around medical assistance. For that reason, we generally recommend that individuals who are applying for adjustment of status, or who may be subject to the public charge ground in the future, avoid enrolling in Medi-Cal or Medicaid at this time, unless absolutely necessary. Final Thoughts Immigration law is complex, and the rules surrounding public charge can feel confusing or even frightening. But it’s important to understand that using most public benefits—especially for food, education, and healthcare—will not automatically jeopardize your green card or visa application. Still, because policy can change quickly, we urge individuals to consult with an immigration attorney before applying for any public assistance—especially healthcare programs like Medi-Cal or Medicaid. If you have questions or concerns about how public benefits might impact your immigration case, our office is here to help. We are committed to providing up-to-date, personalized guidance to keep your immigration journey on track. Disclaimer The information provided herein is for general informational purposes only and does not constitute legal advice. Every immigration case is unique, and the application of the public charge rule may vary depending on your specific situation. If you believe this topic may apply to you or you need individualized legal guidance, we encourage you to contact one of our highly-qualified legal professionals for a consultation and assistance tailored to your circumstances. Resources: USCIS Public Charge Resources ILRC Medi-Cal and Public Charge Alert (2024) California Medi-Cal Immigrant Eligibility FAQ
