La loi Laken Riley : Une nouvelle ère d'implication des États dans la politique fédérale d'immigration
Kris Quadros-Ragar • February 6, 2025
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Le 29 janvier 2025, le président Trump a promulgué la loi Laken Riley, qui modifie considérablement la manière dont les politiques d'immigration sont appliquées aux États-Unis. Cette loi accorde aux procureurs généraux des États et à d'autres fonctionnaires autorisés un pouvoir sans précédent pour interpréter et mettre en œuvre les politiques fédérales en matière d'immigration. Elle leur permet également d'intenter une action en justice contre le gouvernement fédéral s'ils estiment que l'application des lois fédérales sur l'immigration a des répercussions négatives sur leur État. Grâce à cette nouvelle autorité, les États jouent désormais un rôle direct dans l'orientation des résultats en matière d'immigration, une responsabilité traditionnellement assumée par le gouvernement fédéral.
L'un des effets les plus immédiats de la loi Laken Riley est qu'elle permet aux États de demander une injonction pour bloquer la délivrance de visas aux ressortissants de pays qui refusent ou retardent de manière déraisonnable l'acceptation de leurs citoyens qui ont fait l'objet d'une mesure d'éloignement des États-Unis. Cela signifie que si un pays ne coopère pas aux efforts d'expulsion des États-Unis, ses ressortissants, quel que soit leur statut juridique, pourraient rencontrer d'importantes difficultés pour obtenir ou renouveler leur visa. Par conséquent, les ressortissants étrangers de ces pays peuvent être confrontés à une incertitude accrue lorsqu'ils voyagent à l'étranger ou obtiennent un permis de travail aux États-Unis.
Au-delà du traitement des visas, la loi introduit un nouveau niveau d'imprévisibilité dans le système d'immigration. En permettant aux procureurs généraux des États d'intervenir dans les procédures fédérales et les politiques d'immigration qui peuvent désormais varier en fonction des décisions prises au niveau de l'État. Dans les mois à venir, il reste à voir comment les différents États exerceront ce pouvoir - s'ils chercheront activement à bloquer la délivrance de visas ou s'ils feront pression en faveur de mesures plus larges d'application de la législation sur l'immigration.
Pour les ressortissants étrangers et les employeurs, il est plus important que jamais de se tenir au courant des pays considérés comme « non coopératifs ». Les personnes qui doivent faire renouveler leur visa ou qui prévoient de voyager à l'étranger doivent se préparer à d'éventuels retards et demander l'aide d'un professionnel pour faire face à ces incertitudes.
La loi Laken Riley oblige également les autorités fédérales chargées de l'immigration à détenir et à expulser les personnes sans statut légal qui sont accusées de certains délits, notamment de vol mineur ou de vol à l'étalage, d'agression contre un agent des forces de l'ordre et de délits entraînant la mort ou des blessures corporelles graves. Cette disposition souligne une approche plus stricte de l'application de la législation sur l'immigration, qui concerne les personnes accusées de délits mineurs ou graves.
Les politiques d'immigration étant désormais soumises à un nouveau niveau d'implication de l'État, il est plus important que jamais de rester informé et de se préparer à des défis potentiels. Si vous vous interrogez sur la manière dont la loi Laken Riley peut affecter votre statut d'immigrant ou votre entreprise, contactez le cabinet Santos Lloyd Law Firm pour obtenir des conseils stratégiques adaptés à vos besoins.
Ce blog n'est pas destiné à fournir des conseils juridiques et rien ici ne doit être interprété comme établissant une relation avocat-client. Veuillez prendre rendez-vous avec un avocat spécialisé en droit de l'immigration avant d'agir sur la base de toute information lue ici.
On January 14, 2026, the Trump administration announced a freeze on immigrant visa issuance for nationals of 75 countries . The administration states that this “visa freeze” is intended to review security protocols, “reduce risks,” and control immigration flows. However, the immediate reality is that this change in policy has temporarily suspended visa processing and restricted travel for applicants from numerous countries across the globe. While the legal landscape surrounding these suspensions is highly fluid and subject to change, it is important to consider how this “visa freeze” might impact your current status or immigration plans. The scope of the restrictions varies drastically depending on your country of origin and specific visa category. Most notably, a nationality-based travel ban restricts visa issuance for 19 countries : Afghanistan, Burma, Chad, Republic of Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Haiti, Iran, Libya, Somalia, Sudan, Yemen, Burundi, Cuba, Laos, Sierra Leone, Togo, Turkmenistan, and Venezuela. Beyond this targeted ban, a broader freeze affects applicants from a designated list of up to 75 countries, leading to indefinite delays for many visa petitions. However, it is important to note that immigrant visa applications first need to be processed through USCIS, which has not paused processing applications from the 75 countries. Thus, it is important to contact an attorney to understand at what point in the process this visa freeze may affect your case. While Brazil is included in the list of 75 countries, at the time of this publication, the freeze does not include non-immigrant visas for Brazil . Non-immigrant visas are granted to foreign nationals seeking to enter the United States on a temporary basis for specific purposes, such as tourism, studying, or temporary work. This means that Brazilian applicants can still safely pursue non-immigrant employment options, such as O visas for individuals with extraordinary ability or P visas for internationally recognized athletes, without being subjected to the current travel bans or suspensions. This alert is for informational purposes only and does not constitute legal advice. There are many changes and uncertainties, so please consult with a qualified attorney at Santos Lloyd Law Firm, P.C. to understand how these evolving policies might affect your specific case
Recent data in 2026 shows a sharp increase in Requests for Evidence across employment-based visa categories such as EB-1, EB-2 NIW, O, and H-1B. Requests for Evidence (RFEs) are no longer reserved for borderline cases; even robust petitions for high-level talent are facing unprecedented scrutiny. The expansion of the USCIS Vetting Center means automated tools are cross-referencing every petition, triggering RFEs for even the smallest inconsistencies. For EB-2 NIW petitions, adjudicators are increasingly questioning the "National Importance" of a candidate’s endeavor. Even for those with impressive credentials, USCIS now demands evidence of how their work specifically benefits the U.S. on a prospective basis. For O-1A and O-1B visas, officers are applying narrower interpretations of "distinction" and "extraordinary ability," often mischaracterizing evidence already present in the record. Additionally, a troubling 2026 trend is the correlation between Premium Processing and RFEs . For discretionary categories like EB-1A and EB-2 NIW, Premium Processing has increasingly become a "fast track" to a poorly reasoned RFE. Reports indicate that adjudicators, pressured by 15-business-day timelines, may be relying on AI-assisted vetting tools that trigger automated RFEs with general and boilerplate language, rather than a thorough review and analysis of supporting documents and evidence filed. With USCIS employing more rigorous AI-driven vetting and a narrower interpretation of visa criteria, the margin for error has disappeared . As such, ensure you consult with an experienced immigration attorney before filing a petition. ' If you have any questions, please schedule a consultation with one of our experienced attorneys, and we will be more than happy to assist you.
In recent weeks, the U.S. government has moved to terminate Temporary Protected Status (TPS) for multiple countries, sparking a wave of last-minute litigation and creating significant uncertainty for beneficiaries. This shift is having a profound impact on those who rely on TPS for lawful presence and work authorization in the United States. Across the country, federal courts have intervened to pause or block scheduled TPS terminations for several countries, including Burma (Myanmar), Ethiopia, Haiti, South Sudan, and Syria. In response to these court orders, USCIS has updated its webpages to indicate that TPS status and related Employment Authorization Documents (EADs) are extended for these populations. However, USCIS is intentionally not providing specific new end dates for EAD validity while the litigation remains in flux. The Department of Homeland Security (DHS) has prominently noted that it "vehemently disagrees" with these court orders and is actively working with the Department of Justice on next steps. This legal landscape remains highly unpredictable and varies drastically depending on the country of origin. For example, on February 9, 2026, the 9th Circuit Court of Appeals granted a stay allowing the government to proceed with the termination of TPS for Nicaragua, Honduras, and Nepal while the underlying legal challenges continue. Because of this ruling, the automatic extension of work authorization for these individuals has ended, and employers are now required to reverify the work authorization of affected employees, who must present alternative valid documentation to continue their employment. These rapid changes and the lack of clear end dates are causing complications beyond the workplace. Because driver's licenses often track the length of an individual's authorized stay, many DMVs are currently declining to issue or renew driver's licenses for impacted TPS populations. For employers, managing internal communications, avoiding onboarding errors, and navigating Form I-9 compliance has become increasingly complex. It is more important than ever to be well-prepared and proactive in monitoring these rapid changes. At Santos Lloyd Law Firm, P.C., our immigration attorneys are ready to guide you through this evolving process and ensure you are informed, and supported. Please contact us if you have questions or need assistance.
