Visão Geral do Processo EB-5
Kyle Huffman • June 27, 2024
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Embarcar na jornada de imigração EB-5 é tanto um esforço pessoal profundo quanto uma decisão de investimento estratégico. Para indivíduos que buscam fazer dos Estados Unidos sua nova casa enquanto contribuem para seu cenário econômico, o Programa de Investidor Imigrante EB-5 oferece um caminho único. Este programa, estabelecido pelo governo dos EUA em 1990, oferece aos investidores estrangeiros a oportunidade de obter residência permanente nos Estados Unidos, investindo em empreendimentos que criam empregos. No entanto, navegar pelas complexidades do processo EB-5 requer uma compreensão completa de suas nuances, requisitos e possíveis armadilhas. Neste guia, fornecemos uma visão geral dos passos e documentos envolvidos no processo de imigração EB-5, elucidando seus componentes principais, critérios de elegibilidade, opções de investimento e etapas processuais, capacitando os investidores potenciais com o conhecimento necessário para embarcar nesta jornada transformadora com confiança.
Antes de selecionar um projeto e fazer o investimento, é importante que um investidor EB-5 se consulte com um advogado de imigração para planejar a aplicação. É necessário mostrar ao Serviço de Imigração que todos os fundos utilizados no investimento foram obtidos e mantidos legalmente, portanto, seu advogado desejará entender de onde vem o dinheiro para o investimento e onde ele foi mantido desde que foi ganho.
Uma vez satisfeito com a origem e o rastreamento dos fundos, o investidor pode selecionar um projeto para investir. Após a aprovação da Lei de Reforma e Integridade EB-5, certos projetos de investimento já foram pré-aprovados pelo USCIS ao preencher o formulário I-956 e receber a designação como Centro de Investimento Regional. O investimento mínimo exigido é de $1.050.000 por padrão; no entanto, esse valor é reduzido para $800.000 para centros de investimento em "Áreas de Emprego Alvo".
Após submeter o investimento ao centro regional, o investidor trabalhará com seu advogado para criar a petição I-526. Nesta fase do caso, é hora de mostrar ao USCIS a origem e o rastreamento de todos os fundos utilizados para o investimento. Os tipos de documentação necessários para mostrar a origem legal e o rastreamento dos fundos são extremamente amplos e altamente dependentes de onde o dinheiro vem em cada caso específico, mas os documentos mais comuns incluem formulários de imposto W-2 ou 1099, declarações de impostos federais e estaduais, extratos de conta bancária, contratos de compra e venda de imóveis, certificados de ações, contratos de empréstimo, documentos de herança e registros de transferência bancária, entre muitas outras possibilidades.
Os candidatos EB-5 podem processar seus green cards através do USCIS ao preencher um pedido de Ajuste de Status I-485, ou processar através do consulado em seu país de origem. Se já estiver nos Estados Unidos com outro status válido, o pedido de Ajuste de Status pode ser submetido juntamente com a petição I-526. Se processar através de um consulado no exterior, o investidor terá que esperar até que a I-526 seja aprovada antes de iniciar o processo consular. O requerente principal, juntamente com um cônjuge e quaisquer filhos solteiros menores de 21 anos, podem receber residência permanente através do processo EB-5.
Ao final de qualquer um dos processos, seja solicitando o Green Card dentro dos Estados Unidos ou buscando entrada através de um consulado, o USCIS emitirá green cards condicionais, com validade de dois anos. Nos últimos três meses antes de o green card condicional expirar, o investidor e a família precisarão preencher um pedido I-829
para remoção das condições do green card. Nesta fase, quase dois anos após o investimento ter sido feito, o Serviço de Imigração terá confirmado se o investimento permanece no projeto e se os 10 empregos necessários foram criados. Após a aprovação do I-829, o investidor e sua família receberão green cards permanentes, com validade de 10 anos.
O investidor e a família poderão solicitar a cidadania dos Estados Unidos cinco anos após a emissão do green card inicial.
O green card condicional conta para este propósito, assim a cidadania se tornará uma possibilidade aproximadamente três anos após a emissão dos green cards permanentes.
Em conclusão, o Programa de Investidor Imigrante EB-5 se destaca como uma oportunidade única para indivíduos ao redor do mundo realizarem suas aspirações de viver e prosperar nos Estados Unidos. Através de investimentos estratégicos e dedicação à criação de empregos, os participantes não só garantem residência permanente, mas também contribuem para o crescimento e a prosperidade econômica do país. No entanto, é crucial que os investidores em potencial abordem o processo EB-5 com planejamento meticuloso, pesquisa aprofundada e orientação especializada para navegar com sucesso em suas complexidades. Ao compreender os requisitos do programa, explorar opções de investimento e aderir às diretrizes processuais, os imigrantes aspirantes podem embarcar em sua jornada EB-5 com clareza e confiança. Em última análise, o programa EB-5 representa mais do que apenas um caminho para a residência – ele incorpora o espírito de empreendedorismo, inovação e oportunidade que define o sonho americano.
Se você acredita que pode se qualificar para o programa EB-5 ou se tiver alguma dúvida, por favor, agende uma consulta com um de nossos advogados experientes e teremos o maior prazer em ajudá-lo.
Este blog não se destina a fornecer aconselhamento jurídico e nada aqui deve ser interpretado como estabelecimento de um relacionamento advogado-cliente. Por favor, agende uma consulta com um advogado de imigração antes de agir com base em qualquer informação lida aqui.
The United States has long been a destination for the world’s most talented athletes—not only to compete at the highest level, but to access world-class training, coaching opportunities, and long-term career prospects. Whether on the field, in the ring, or across the chessboard, athletes from across the globe are finding immigration pathways that allow them to pursue their athletic and professional goals in the U.S. U.S. immigration law offers several visa and green card options designed specifically for individuals with extraordinary athletic talent. These include the P-1A visa for internationally recognized athletes, the O-1A visa for individuals of extraordinary ability, and the EB-1A immigrant petition, which can lead to permanent residency and ultimately, U.S. citizenship. The P-1A visa is commonly used by professional athletes coming to the U.S. to compete in a specific event or season. This applies not only to individual athletes but also to members of teams or clubs recognized internationally. It is widely used by soccer players, basketball players, MMA fighters, Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu competitors, and even elite chess players. Athletes must demonstrate a high level of international recognition and a record of performance in their sport. The O-1A visa is a strong option for coaches who demonstrate extraordinary ability, typically evidenced by championship titles, sustained winning records, or recognition as integral to their team’s success. To qualify, a coach must establish that their expertise places them among the small percentage of top professionals in their field. For athletes seeking permanent status in the U.S., the EB-1A immigrant petition —often referred to as the “extraordinary ability green card”—provides a direct path to lawful permanent residency. It requires clear documentation that the individual is among the very best in their sport and has achieved sustained national or international success. Unlike other green card categories, the EB-1A does not require employer sponsorship and can be self-petitioned. This has become a common path for MMA world champions, BJJ black belt medalists, Olympic athletes, and chess grandmasters—many of whom now represent the U.S. at the highest levels of international competition. It’s important to note that U.S. immigration law defines “athlete” broadly. Whether you are a professional football player in Europe, a sprinter from the Caribbean, a judoka, a gymnast, or a grandmaster in chess, your achievements may qualify under these categories if they are properly documented and presented. The key is a consistent record of excellence and recognition in your sport on a national or international scale. Our office specializes in these types of immigration matters. Whether you are an individual athlete looking to relocate or an organization seeking to bring international talent to your roster, we offer tailored legal strategies to support your goals. If you are exploring options to compete, train, or build your future in the U.S., we’re here to help you take the next step.
In January 2025, the U.S. Congress passed the Laken Riley Act , marking a significant shift in immigration enforcement policy. The Act requires the Department of Homeland Security to detain certain non-U.S. nationals who have been arrested for theft-related offenses such as burglary, theft, larceny, or shoplifting. Under this Act, the Department of Homeland Security must detain an individual who: (1) is unlawfully present in the United States or did not possess the necessary documents when applying for admission; and (2) has been charged with, arrested for, convicted of, or admits to having committed acts that constitute the essential elements of burglary, theft, larceny, or shoplifting. The Act also authorizes states to sue the federal government for decisions or alleged failures related to immigration enforcement. It authorizes state governments to sue for injunctive relief over certain immigration-related decisions or alleged failures by the federal government if the decision or failure caused the state or its residents harm, including financial harm of more than $100. Specifically, the state government may sue the federal government over a: Decision to release a non-U.S. national from custody; Failure to fulfill requirements relating to inspecting individuals seeking admission into the United States, including requirements related to asylum interviews; Failure to fulfill a requirement to stop issuing visas to nationals of a country that unreasonably denies or delays acceptance of nationals of that country; Violation of limitations on immigration parole, such as the requirement that parole be granted only on a case-by-case basis; or Failure to detain an individual who has been ordered removed from the United States. The Act's stringent detention requirements may lead to increased fear and uncertainty within immigrant communities. Individuals who are merely accused of certain crimes could face mandatory detention. The Act may also affect legal immigration processes. Increased detention and deportation efforts could strain resources, potentially leading to delays in processing visas and asylum applications. Given the evolving legal landscape: Stay Informed and/or Seek Legal Counsel - Consult with your immigration attorney to understand how new laws and policies may affect your situation and if you or someone you know is facing immigration-related legal issues. Know Your Rights - Familiarize yourself with your legal rights, especially concerning interactions with law enforcement and immigration authorities. Community Engagement - Participate in community organizations that provide support and resources for immigrants, fostering a network of assistance and advocacy. If you have any questions or would like to consult with an experienced immigration attorney, contact our office to schedule a consultation.
In a renewed wave of enforcement, U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) has started sending formal alerts to certain F-1 students participating in Optional Practical Training (OPT), flagging that their records reflect over 90 days without any reported employment. These students have been advised to update their employment status in the Student and Exchange Visitor Information System (SEVIS) within 15 days. Failure to take timely corrective action may lead to the termination of the student's SEVIS record, effectively marking them as out of status, and may ultimately trigger removal proceedings. The notices are intended as a warning that students who do not comply with OPT reporting obligations are at risk of serious immigration consequences. Understanding OPT and Its Unemployment Limits Optional Practical Training (commonly referred to as “OPT”) is a work authorization benefit that allows eligible F-1 international students to gain hands-on experience in their field of study. Students may apply for pre-completion OPT (while still in school) or post-completion OPT (after graduation), typically for up to 12 months. Those with degrees in qualifying STEM fields may apply for an additional 24-month STEM OPT extension, giving them a total of 36 months of work authorization in the U.S. To maintain valid F-1 status while on OPT, students must remain actively employed in a position related to their field of study. The amount of time a student may remain in the United States while on OPT without being properly employed is capped at: 90 days during the standard 12-month post-completion OPT, and 150 days for those on the STEM OPT extension, which includes any days of unemployment accrued during the initial OPT period. These unemployment limits are cumulative and enforced strictly through SEVIS monitoring. What Should F-1 Students Do? If you are an F-1 student on OPT or STEM OPT and receive a warning or are unsure about your compliance status, act quickly: Contact your Designated School Official (DSO) immediately to review and, if necessary, update your SEVIS record. Ensure all employment is properly documented and reported through your school’s international office. Do not ignore warning notices, as failure to respond may lead to SEVIS termination and potentially the initiation of removal proceedings. It is also advisable to consult with a qualified immigration attorney to explore available options and understand how enforcement actions may affect your status or future immigration plans. If you received a notice or have questions about your F-1 status, our attorneys are here to help you take the right steps to protect your future in the United States. Contact us today to schedule a consultation.
