O que está acontecendo na fronteira sul dos EUA?
Denice Flores • November 26, 2024
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Em 3 de junho de 2024, o presidente Biden assinou a Proclamação Presidencial 10773, intitulada "Protegendo a Fronteira" (Securing the Border). Em 27 de setembro de 2024, o presidente Biden alterou essa proclamação.
A Proclamação Presidencial 10773 suspendeu e restringiu a entrada de determinados não cidadãos nos Estados Unidos através da fronteira sul do país.
Desde 5 de junho de 2024, a fiscalização de imigração e os procedimentos de asilo na fronteira sul dos EUA tornaram-se mais rígidos. De acordo com o Departamento de Segurança Interna (DHS), essa suspensão e limitação na entrada e suas medidas associadas continuarão em vigor até 14 dias após um período de 28 dias consecutivos, em que a média de encontros nos últimos 7 dias consecutivos seja inferior a 1.500. As restrições voltarão ou continuarão a ser aplicadas caso a média de encontros em 7 dias consecutivos atinja ou ultrapasse 2.500. Portanto, até o momento, não há uma data final definida para essa regra. .
Sob a Proclamação Presidencial, não cidadãos que forem apreendidos pelo DHS enquanto tentam entrar ilegalmente nos EUA e que não estabeleçam uma base legal para permanecer no país:
- Serão removidos imediatamente para seu país de origem ou para outro país;
- Enfrentarão pelo menos uma proibição de reentrada de 5 anos; e
- Podem enfrentar acusações criminais em caso de reentrada ilegal subsequente.
Os não cidadãos que cruzarem a fronteira sul ilegalmente e que não se enquadrem nas exceções previstas pela Proclamação geralmente são inelegíveis para solicitar asilo, a menos que existam circunstâncias excepcionalmente convincentes.
Não cidadãos que cruzarem a fronteira sul ilegalmente, não se enquadrarem nas exceções e forem processados para remoção expedita só serão encaminhados para triagem de medo crível se declararem medo de retornar ao seu país de origem, declararem medo de perseguição ou tortura, ou expressarem intenção de solicitar asilo.
De acordo com o DHS, “os EUA continuam a manter suas obrigações e compromissos internacionais ao examinar indivíduos que manifestam ou expressam medo, mas que não se qualificam para a exceção de circunstâncias excepcionalmente convincentes, para a suspensão de remoção e proteções da Convenção Contra a Tortura com base em um padrão de probabilidade razoável de perseguição ou tortura – um novo padrão, substancialmente mais rigoroso do que o aplicado sob a regra de Circunvenção de Vias Legais.”
As suspensões e limitações previstas pela Proclamação não se aplicam aos não cidadãos que agendam um horário para se apresentarem em um porto de entrada terrestre designado. A regra também não se aplica a residentes permanentes legais, outros não cidadãos com visto válido ou permissão legal para entrar nos EUA, crianças desacompanhadas, e vítimas de tráfico humano severo.
Este blog não se destina a fornecer aconselhamento jurídico e nada aqui deve ser interpretado como estabelecimento de um relacionamento advogado-cliente. Por favor, agende uma consulta com um advogado de imigração antes de agir com base em qualquer informação lida aqui.
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