Cambios en la exención de interés nacional para graduados y empresarios de STEM
Kyle Huffman • September 29, 2022
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El 21 de enero de 2022, la Administración Biden anunció cambios de política
para la adjudicación de solicitudes de exención de interés nacional para titulares de títulos avanzados en STEM (ciencia, tecnología, ingeniería y matemáticas). Los cambios tienen como objetivo ampliar el acceso a la exención de interés nacional mediante la aplicación de consideraciones únicas a las solicitudes que se encuentran dentro de los campos STEM.
La nueva guía emitida en el manual de políticas de USCIS no cambia los requisitos fundamentales para las exenciones de interés nacional que han estado vigentes desde que se emitió la decisión Matter of Dhanasar, 26 I&N Dec. 884 (AAO 2016). Los solicitantes que busquen una exención de interés nacional aún tendrán que demostrar que se cumplen los siguientes tres criterios:
- El emprendimiento propuesto tiene tanto mérito sustancial como importancia nacional.
- El solicitante está bien posicionado para avanzar en el emprendimiento propuesto.
- En resumen, sería beneficioso para los Estados Unidos renunciar a los requisitos de una oferta de trabajo y certificación laboral.
Si bien la nueva guía no cambia fundamentalmente los requisitos para la exención de interés nacional, proporciona varias consideraciones específicas que pueden hacer que las solicitudes de exención de interés nacional en los campos STEM sean más accesibles.
Los cambios tendrán los impactos más notables en el segundo y tercer criterio. Específicamente, tener un título avanzado en un campo STEM, particularmente una maestría o un doctorado, ha sido designado como un fuerte factor positivo de particular importancia para determinar si el solicitante está bien posicionado para avanzar en el emprendimiento propuesto. En muchos casos, tener el título avanzado por sí solo no será suficiente para demostrar que el solicitante está bien posicionado para avanzar en el emprendimiento propuesto, pero combinar el título STEM avanzado con evidencia de respaldo adicional, como cartas testimoniales de expertos reconocidos en el campo, la evidencia de patentes o propiedad intelectual de tecnologías STEM y la evidencia de publicaciones de investigación en artículos académicos pueden reforzar el título avanzado en STEM para demostrarle a un oficial de inmigración que el solicitante está bien posicionado para avanzar en el emprendimiento propuesto.
La nueva guía de políticas también establece que tener un emprendimiento propuesto que involucre investigación y desarrollo de tecnologías nuevas y emergentes que tengan el potencial de aumentar la competitividad de los Estados Unidos en la escala económica global, así como investigación y desarrollo de nuevas tecnologías con el potencial de mejorar la seguridad nacional de los Estados Unidos, es un factor positivo muy fuerte para sopesar si sería beneficioso para los Estados Unidos renunciar al requisito de certificación laboral.
Cada caso de exención de interés nacional es único. No existe una combinación precisa de título y emprendimiento propuesto que garantice una aprobación, ya que hay muchos otros factores que intervienen en la determinación de una solicitud de exención de interés nacional. Pero, con estas nuevas pautas de política vigentes, las personas con maestrías y/o doctorados en un campo relacionado con STEM, con un proyecto propuesto destinado a mejorar la competitividad económica y la seguridad nacional de los Estados Unidos, ahora tendrán varios factores positivos fuertes que pesan a favor de la aprobación de la solicitud y una probabilidad mucho mayor de éxito.
Si tiene alguna pregunta sobre cómo significan para usted las nuevas pautas de política para los graduados de STEM que solicitan exenciones de interés nacional, programe una consulta con uno de nuestros abogados experimentados.
Esperamos con interés trabajar con usted.
Este blog no pretende ser un consejo legal y nada aquí debe interpretarse como el establecimiento de una relación abogado-cliente. Programe una consulta con un abogado de inmigración antes de actuar sobre cualquier información que lea aquí.
Kyle Huffman
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