Que se passe-t-il à la frontière sud des États-Unis ?
Denice Flores • November 14, 2024
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Le 3 juin 2024, le Président Biden a signé la Proclamation 10773, Securing the Border. Le 27 septembre 2024, le Président Biden a amendé la Proclamation 10773.
La Proclamation présidentielle 10773 a suspendu et limité l'entrée de certains non-citoyens aux États-Unis à travers la frontière sud des États-Unis.
À partir du 5 juin 2024, les procédures de contrôle de l'immigration et d'asile à la frontière sud des États-Unis seront plus strictes. Selon le ministère de la sécurité intérieure, cette suspension et cette limitation de l'entrée ainsi que les mesures associées s'appliqueront jusqu'à 14 jours civils après que le ministère de la sécurité intérieure aura enregistré une moyenne de 28 jours civils consécutifs de 7 jours civils consécutifs de moins de 1 500 rencontres. La suspension et la limitation de l'entrée continueront à s'appliquer, ou s'appliqueront à nouveau, s'il y a eu une moyenne de 7 jours civils consécutifs de 2 500 rencontres ou plus. Par conséquent, il n'y a pas de date limite pour cette règle.
En vertu de la proclamation présidentielle, les non-citoyens qui sont appréhendés par le DHS alors qu'ils tentent d'entrer illégalement aux États-Unis et qui n'établissent pas de base légale pour rester aux États-Unis :
- seront rapidement renvoyés dans leur pays d'origine ou dans un pays tiers,
- se verront interdire l'entrée sur le territoire américain pendant au moins cinq ans, et
- seront passibles de poursuites pénales en cas d'entrée illégale ultérieure.
Les non-citoyens qui franchissent illégalement la frontière sud des États-Unis et qui ne relèvent pas de l'une des exceptions prévues par la Proclamation ne peuvent généralement pas bénéficier de l'asile, sauf en cas de circonstances exceptionnellement contraignantes.
Les non-citoyens qui franchissent la frontière sud des États-Unis, qui ne relèvent pas des exceptions et qui font l'objet d'une procédure d'expulsion accélérée ne seront soumis à un examen des craintes crédibles que s'ils expriment la crainte d'un retour dans leur pays d'origine, la crainte de persécutions ou de tortures, ou l'intention de demander l'asile.
Selon le DHS, « les États-Unis continuent de respecter leurs obligations et engagements internationaux en examinant les personnes qui manifestent ou expriment des craintes, mais qui ne remplissent pas les conditions requises pour bénéficier de l'exception à la règle des circonstances exceptionnellement impérieuses, en vue d'une suspension de l'expulsion et des protections prévues par la Convention contre la torture, en fonction d'une probabilité raisonnable de persécution ou de torture - une nouvelle norme sensiblement plus élevée que celle appliquée en vertu de la règle relative au contournement des voies de passage légales ».
La suspension et les limitations prévues par la proclamation ne s'appliquent pas aux non-citoyens qui prennent rendez-vous pour se présenter à un point d'entrée terrestre désigné. La règle ne s'applique pas non plus aux résidents permanents légaux, aux autres non-citoyens titulaires d'un visa valide ou aux autres personnes légalement autorisées à entrer aux États-Unis, aux enfants non accompagnés et aux victimes d'une forme grave de traite des êtres humains.
Ce blog n'est pas destiné à fournir des conseils juridiques et rien ici ne doit être interprété comme établissant une relation avocat-client. Veuillez prendre rendez-vous avec un avocat spécialisé en droit de l'immigration avant d'agir sur la base de toute information lue ici.
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